EVE

A capacious investigation of women throughout time.

Bohannon, who holds a doctorate in the study of the evolution of narrative and cognition, makes an engaging book debut with a sweeping history of the development of women’s bodies over the past 200 million years. Calling evolution “a complicated narrative, with a lot of whimsy and accident,” the author creates a jaunty, digressive, and often whimsical tale examining the origins of some defining features of womanhood: the ability to produce milk; gestate offspring in the womb; facilitate childbirth; experience menopause, which remains “one of the biggest mysteries in modern biology”; and forge “distinctive, complex, bizarre, and overpowering love bonds.” Bohannon considers how bipedalism, the use of tools, increased brain size, and language related particularly to females. Mammalian milk, she notes, originated more than 200 million years ago in a mammal the size of a field mouse. Placental mammals evolved 67 million to 63 million years ago, this time in a squirrel-like creature, the first to grow eggs inside her body, rather than drop them in a nest. Changes in seeing and hearing resulted from the development of primates, 66 million to 63 million years ago. “Primate Eves” lived in tree canopies for tens of millions of years before diverging to become bipedal, sometime between 5 million and 13 million years ago, a stance that affected pregnancy and childbirth. Bohannon makes a case for females being the first to use tools—“a set of behaviors…to change their relationship with the world around them”—some 2.5 million to 1.8 million years ago, arguing against the idea that innovation has “been driven by groups of men solving man-problems.” Combing scientific literature, the author finds no difference between the brains of men and women. Many species inhabit Bohannon’s fascinating chronicle, as she compares human evolution and life cycle to that of other creatures, great and small.

Prodigious research informs a spirited history of humanity.